Most varieties grow wild in mid and high temperature during dry season. There are also varieties that grow well in wet season. In low elevation, some varieties can grow in a dry, cool months. They are best in clay loam and sandy loam soil.
Prepare the land thoroughly by plowing and harrowing several times. Furrow measurement in low and mild elevation with a depth of 0.5 meters wide. In high elevations, the beds should be 1 meter wide.
In the seedling production, the width of seedbed should be 1 meter wide. Use manure and rice hull ash mix in the soil in the seedbed. Sow in line about 275g/hectare of seeds. The furrow across the seedbed 10 cm part. Sowing should be thin to prevent damping off. Mulch with rice hull or grass as shade for the sunlight and rain protection. Spray with insecticides when necessary.
Do the transplanting after a week of exposing the seedling fully to sunlight. The seedling are ready 4 weeks from sowing. Water the seedbed and gently uproot the seedlings. Transplanting in a row should be .75 cm apart and .50 meters between plants. Apply basal fertilizer 10 grams per hill (14-14-14). Irrigate the area before and after transplanting.
Mulch with rice straw, rice hulls or plastic to prevent weed growth and to conserve soil mixture. Sidedress with urea (46-0-0) about 1og per plant 3 weeks after transplanting. Repeat side-dressing at 35 and 45 days after transplanting. Fertilization can only be done after weeding.
During dry season, be sure to irrigate the field before doing transplanting. Repeat irrigating every 10 days using furrow irrigation. If you use sprinkler, do it 3 times a week to keep the plant healthy and keeping the soil with enough moisture content.
Do the necessary pest and disease control measures during the period of its development. Avoid overcrowding the plants. Control too much watering in seedbeds. Spray fungicide when disease is present. It is better if you can do from time to time a crop rotation to assure the fertility of the soil and control pests and disease infestation.
Avoid monocropping. Remove all debris from previous cropping. Use pesticides to spray the plants.
Harvesting can only be done when the curds are well-formed. Include portion of stems and leaves as protection of the curds. do not expose the harvested plants to full sunlight.
Sunday, May 17, 2009
BUNCHING ONION PRODUCTION GUIDE
As planting medium, use seeds or basal tillers. Use animal manure and rice hull for a 1 meter seedbed. Use rice hull on straw to be placed on top of the seedbed to control harmful organism.
Sow 4 kilos seeds. Line it in rows. Set it across the bed about 5 cm apart. Seed be placed thin and even for the purpose of controlling damping off. Cover it with compost (lightly). Mulch with rice straw. Maintain to have an adequate soil moisture for fast growth and development. Don't use water in excess of what is only required. Over-irrigation can damaged your planting seed. Protect seedbed from direct sunlight and heavy rain. The use of nylon net will do.
Prepare the land thoroughly. Plow it 2 times as well as harrow. A month before land preparation, placed 30 cm layer of rice hull over the area being used. Burn it about 2 weeks. Burnt rice hull will be incorporated during land preparation. The purpose is to improve soil texture. The burnt rice hull can reduce the presence of weeds and diseases.
Apply animal manure before the bed preparation. Make a 1 meter bed. Fertilize and mulch it with rice straw before doing the transplanting. Water the seedbed according to its requirements. Gently uproot seedlings to prevent damage to the root. Apply 7 bags of complete fertilizer as basal. Trim the top portion of the leaves. The purpose is to reduce transpiration. It can increase plant survival during the period of its growth. Transplant in seedbeds with a spacing of 15 cm. Use markers to have a proper distance. Plant deep enough to ensure survival. Protect the basal portion of the plant to avoid damage. Press the soil lightly. The root should be fully protected by the soil. Irrigate the area used according to its requirement before and after transplanting.
Apply 3 bags of urea (46-0-0) 3 weeks after transplanting. Repeat it 2 weeks if the fertility of the soil is still very low. During dry season, you have to irrigate daily. Adequate moisture can ensure to have a fast and desirable growth.
To prevent the presence of pests and diseases that can affect the growth of the plants, then do a proper irrigation method by regulating humidity into the planted area. Remove any debris left from previous cropping. Remove all infected leaves to avoid contamination to the whole field. It is better to do a crop rotation for greater effectiveness. Harvest the plants 3 months after planting.
Sow 4 kilos seeds. Line it in rows. Set it across the bed about 5 cm apart. Seed be placed thin and even for the purpose of controlling damping off. Cover it with compost (lightly). Mulch with rice straw. Maintain to have an adequate soil moisture for fast growth and development. Don't use water in excess of what is only required. Over-irrigation can damaged your planting seed. Protect seedbed from direct sunlight and heavy rain. The use of nylon net will do.
Prepare the land thoroughly. Plow it 2 times as well as harrow. A month before land preparation, placed 30 cm layer of rice hull over the area being used. Burn it about 2 weeks. Burnt rice hull will be incorporated during land preparation. The purpose is to improve soil texture. The burnt rice hull can reduce the presence of weeds and diseases.
Apply animal manure before the bed preparation. Make a 1 meter bed. Fertilize and mulch it with rice straw before doing the transplanting. Water the seedbed according to its requirements. Gently uproot seedlings to prevent damage to the root. Apply 7 bags of complete fertilizer as basal. Trim the top portion of the leaves. The purpose is to reduce transpiration. It can increase plant survival during the period of its growth. Transplant in seedbeds with a spacing of 15 cm. Use markers to have a proper distance. Plant deep enough to ensure survival. Protect the basal portion of the plant to avoid damage. Press the soil lightly. The root should be fully protected by the soil. Irrigate the area used according to its requirement before and after transplanting.
Apply 3 bags of urea (46-0-0) 3 weeks after transplanting. Repeat it 2 weeks if the fertility of the soil is still very low. During dry season, you have to irrigate daily. Adequate moisture can ensure to have a fast and desirable growth.
To prevent the presence of pests and diseases that can affect the growth of the plants, then do a proper irrigation method by regulating humidity into the planted area. Remove any debris left from previous cropping. Remove all infected leaves to avoid contamination to the whole field. It is better to do a crop rotation for greater effectiveness. Harvest the plants 3 months after planting.
GARLIC PRODUCTION GUIDE
It grows best in areas of mild climate. In the early stages of its growth, it requires a cooler environment. During maturation, a dry weather with moderate high temperature is required.
Garlic can also be grown from sea level or above. It can grow in all types of soil but they prefer a sandy loam, silty loam and clay loam. Consider to have a fertile soil, rich in organic matter. It should be a well-drained place. It is a necessity to maintain a good soil moisture supply during its growth and development.
A hectare area need 1,000 kg. of garlic seedpieces. The land should be properly and thoroughly tilled. It should be well-prepared 6 weeks before planting. Plow the field 3 to 4 times at 7 days interval. The purpose is to improve soil texture. You have to apply animal manure before the bed preparation. Mulch it with 3-5 cm layer of rice straw after planting to conserve moisture and control weeds.
Cut straw and weeds close to the ground after the rice is harvested. The soil should be dry in a desired moisture level. You can construct small canals around the rice paddies to ensure that no standing water will stay in the paddy after an irrigation is made due to heavy rain.
A one hectare area need 7 bags of complete fertilizer (14-14-14), 2 bags of urea (46-0-0), 2 bags of superphosphate (0-18-0) and a bag of muriate of potash (0-0-60). Apply superphosphate and complete fertilizer as basal fertilizer prior to planting. Another combination of urea and muriate of potash 30 days and 70 days after planting.
Irrigate lightly but frequent to provide continuous presence of uniform moisture supply throughout its growing period. Regulate watering during bulb formation to have a proper ripening. When the tops begin to fall over, then stop the irrigation to avoid rotting, reduced quality and watery bulbs.
Select only a healthy planting materials. Control humidity in the field with lower planting density and proper irrigation. Control foliar disease by spraying the proper control measures. Remove all infected leaves. Harvest only mature bulbs. Cure it properly. Maintain good ventilation and air circulation during the curing, packing and storage.
To prevent army worm, used overhead irrigation by spraying water and soap solution. Remove infected leaves. An extract from pepper can be use to spray the plant. The use of ash around the plant can control this pests infestation. Further, you have to manage weeding properly to have sufficient presence of natural enemies against insect pests.
Harvest when it is already 80% of the leaves to turn yellow while started to fold over. The bulbs should be pulled properly from the soil 100 days after planting.
Harvested bulb are to be cured 14 days under dry shade. Proper drying method is needed to reduce the presence of diseases during the storage. This is also to have a good skin color.
After the curing, cut leaves 12 cm from the top of the bulb. You can select a good bulb according to its size and quality of the bulb in a well-ventilated area to keept it dry.
Garlic can also be grown from sea level or above. It can grow in all types of soil but they prefer a sandy loam, silty loam and clay loam. Consider to have a fertile soil, rich in organic matter. It should be a well-drained place. It is a necessity to maintain a good soil moisture supply during its growth and development.
A hectare area need 1,000 kg. of garlic seedpieces. The land should be properly and thoroughly tilled. It should be well-prepared 6 weeks before planting. Plow the field 3 to 4 times at 7 days interval. The purpose is to improve soil texture. You have to apply animal manure before the bed preparation. Mulch it with 3-5 cm layer of rice straw after planting to conserve moisture and control weeds.
Cut straw and weeds close to the ground after the rice is harvested. The soil should be dry in a desired moisture level. You can construct small canals around the rice paddies to ensure that no standing water will stay in the paddy after an irrigation is made due to heavy rain.
A one hectare area need 7 bags of complete fertilizer (14-14-14), 2 bags of urea (46-0-0), 2 bags of superphosphate (0-18-0) and a bag of muriate of potash (0-0-60). Apply superphosphate and complete fertilizer as basal fertilizer prior to planting. Another combination of urea and muriate of potash 30 days and 70 days after planting.
Irrigate lightly but frequent to provide continuous presence of uniform moisture supply throughout its growing period. Regulate watering during bulb formation to have a proper ripening. When the tops begin to fall over, then stop the irrigation to avoid rotting, reduced quality and watery bulbs.
Select only a healthy planting materials. Control humidity in the field with lower planting density and proper irrigation. Control foliar disease by spraying the proper control measures. Remove all infected leaves. Harvest only mature bulbs. Cure it properly. Maintain good ventilation and air circulation during the curing, packing and storage.
To prevent army worm, used overhead irrigation by spraying water and soap solution. Remove infected leaves. An extract from pepper can be use to spray the plant. The use of ash around the plant can control this pests infestation. Further, you have to manage weeding properly to have sufficient presence of natural enemies against insect pests.
Harvest when it is already 80% of the leaves to turn yellow while started to fold over. The bulbs should be pulled properly from the soil 100 days after planting.
Harvested bulb are to be cured 14 days under dry shade. Proper drying method is needed to reduce the presence of diseases during the storage. This is also to have a good skin color.
After the curing, cut leaves 12 cm from the top of the bulb. You can select a good bulb according to its size and quality of the bulb in a well-ventilated area to keept it dry.
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